Page 177 - 香港房屋協會 Hong Kong Housing Society Annual Report 2020/2021

香港房屋協會 2020/21 年度年報
175
AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 已審核財務報表 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 財務報表附註
2.4 Summary of significant accounting policies
Fair value measurement
The Housing Society measures its investment related financial assets and investment related financial liabilities at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Housing Society. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Housing Society uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
2.4 主要會計政策概要 公允值計量
房屋協會於各報告期末按公允值計量其 有關投資的財務資產及有關投資的財務 負債。公允值為市場參與者於計量日期 在有序交易中出售資產所收取的價格或 轉讓負債所支付的價格。公允值計量乃 根據假設出售資產或轉讓負債的交易於 資產或負債主要市場或(在無主要市場 情況下)最具優勢市場進行而作出。主 要及最具優勢市場須為房屋協會可進入 之市場。資產或負債的公允值乃按假設 市場參與者於資產或負債定價時會以最 佳經濟利益行事計量。
非財務資產的公允值計量須考慮市場參 與者能以最大限度使用該資產達致最佳 用途，或將該資產出售予將最大限度使 用該資產達致最佳用途的其他市場參與 者，所產生的經濟效益。
房屋協會採納適用於不同情況且具備充 分數據以供計量公允值的估值方法，以 儘量使用相關可觀察輸入數據及儘量減 少使用不可觀察輸入數據。
所有載於本財務報表計量或披露的資產 及負債乃基於對公允值計量整體而言屬 重大的最低層輸入數據按以下公允值等 級分類:
Level 1 Level 2
Level 3
- based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
- based on valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is observable, either directly or indirectly
- based on valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
第一級 - 第二級 -
第三級 -
基於相同資產或負債於活 躍市場的報價(未經調整)
基於對公允值計量而言屬 重大的可觀察(直接或間 接)最低層輸入數據的估 值方法
基於對公允值計量而言屬 重大的不可觀察最低層輸 入數據的估值方法