Page 186 - 香港房屋協會 Hong Kong Housing Society Annual Report 2020/2021

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HONG KONG HOUSING SOCIETY ANNUAL REPORT 2020/21
2.4 Summary of significant accounting policies
(continued)
Investments and other financial assets (continued) Subsequent measurement
The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:
(a) Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)
Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised in comprehensive income when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.
(b) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in the comprehensive income.
Dividends on equity investments classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are also recognised as other investment income in the comprehensive income when the right of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Housing Society and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.
Impairment of financial assets
The Housing Society recognises an allowance for expected credit losses (“ECLs”) for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Housing Society expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.
2.4 主要會計政策概要(續) 投資及其他財務資產(續)
後續計量
財務資產的後續計量取決於其分類如 下:
(a) 按攤銷成本計算的財務資產(債 務工具)
按攤銷成本計算的財務資產其後 採用實際利率法計量，並可能會 出現減值。當資產終止確認，修 改或減值時，收益和損失在全面 收益中確認。
(b) 以公允價值計量且其變動計入損 益的財務資產
以公允價值計量且其變動計入當 期損益的財務資產在財務狀況表 中按公允價值列賬，公允價值變 動淨額在全面收益中確認。
當派息權確立、與股息相關之經 濟利益有可能流入房屋協會及股 息金額能可靠地計量時，分類為 按公允值入賬並於損益中處理之 財務資產內的股本投資之股息亦 於全面收益內確認為其他投資收 入。
財務資產減值
房屋協會就所有非以按公允值入賬並於 損益中處理之方式持有的債務工具確認 預期信貸虧損(「預期信貸虧損」)撥備。 預期信貸虧損以按照合約到期之合約現 金流與房屋協會預期收取之所有現金流 兩者之差額為基準，並按與原實際利率 相若之利率貼現。預期現金流將包括出 售所持抵押品或構成合約條款組成部分 的其他增信安排之現金流。