Page 192 - 香港房屋協會 Hong Kong Housing Society Annual Report 2020/2021

190
HONG KONG HOUSING SOCIETY ANNUAL REPORT 2020/21
2.4 Summary of significant accounting policies
(continued)
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand, demand deposits with banks and other financial institutions, and short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, having been within three months of maturity at acquisition. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Housing Society’s cash management are also included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of cash flows.
Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Housing Society has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle that obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are measured at the management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period, and are discounted to present value where the effect is material.
Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Possible obligations, whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non- occurrence of one or more future events, are also disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote.
2.4 主要會計政策概要(續) 現金及現金等價物
現金及現金等價物包括銀行存款及現 金、存放於銀行及其他財務機構的活期 存款、以及短期而具高流動性的投資。 這些投資可以隨時換算為已知及價值變 動風險不大、並在購入後三個月內到期 之現金額。就擬備現金流量表而言，現 金及現金等價物也包括須於接獲通知時 償還，並構成房屋協會現金管理一部份 的銀行透支。
準備
當過往的事項導致房屋協會須負法律或 推定責任，而且日後有可能需要撥付資 源償付有關責任所涉及之款項，在該款 項能夠可靠地予以估計的情況下，該款 項會提呈準備。準備是管理層於報告期 末作出在償付有關責任所涉及之款項的 最佳估計，當折現影響重大時，該款項 將貼現至現值入賬。
倘若含有經濟效益的資源外流的可能性 較低，或是無法對有關數額作出可靠的 估計，則需將該責任披露為或然負債; 但假如這類經濟效益資源外流的可能性 極低者則除外。當須視乎某宗或多宗未 來事件是否發生才能確定存在與否的潛 在責任，亦會被披露為或然負債;但假 如這經濟效益資源外流的可能性極低者 則除外。